Numbers, Operations & Relationships
Counting and Calculations (Numbers to 1000, Addition, Subtraction, and Sharing)
Grade 1 · Grade 2 · Grade 3
- ✓Count forwards and backwards in 1s, 2s, 5s, 10s, and 100s up to 1000.
- ✓Identify the place value of digits in 3-digit numbers (Hundreds, Tens, Units).
- ✓Perform addition and subtraction calculations with numbers up to 1000, including carrying and borrowing.
- ✓Solve word problems involving addition, subtraction, and equal sharing.
- ✓Understand and demonstrate the concept of equal sharing as an introduction to division.
Key concepts
Numbers are made up of Units (ones), Tens, and Hundreds. For example, in the number 345, the '3' is 3 Hundreds (300), the '4' is 4 Tens (40), and the '5' is 5 Units (5). We can count forwards and backwards in different steps (1s, 2s, 5s, 10s, 100s) to understand number patterns and sequences.
Addition means putting numbers together to find a total or sum. The symbol for addition is '+'. Subtraction means taking one number away from another to find the difference or how many are left. The symbol for subtraction is '-'. We can use various strategies like counting on, counting back, breaking down numbers, or using the column method for larger numbers.
Sharing equally means distributing a total number of items into groups so that each group has the exact same amount. This is an important step towards understanding division. For example, if you have 10 sweets and share them equally among 2 friends, each friend gets 5 sweets.
Key facts to remember
- 1Numbers up to 1000 are made of Hundreds, Tens, and Units (HTU).
- 2Addition means combining or finding the total (sum).
- 3Subtraction means taking away or finding the difference.
- 4Sharing equally means distributing items so each group has the same amount.
- 5Counting in 2s, 5s, 10s, and 100s helps to understand number patterns and sequences.
- 6Number bonds (e.g., 10 = 7 + 3) are important for quick mental calculations.
- 7The position of a digit determines its value (place value).
Worked examples
Example 1
What is the place value of the digit '7' in the number 729?
Answer
The digit '7' is in the Hundreds place, so its value is 700.
Understanding place value is crucial for all calculations.
Example 2
A baker bakes 245 loaves of bread on Monday and 318 loaves on Tuesday. How many loaves did he bake in total over the two days?
Answer
The baker baked 563 loaves in total.
Always start adding from the Units column and remember to carry over.
Example 3
Share 15 apples equally among 3 children. How many apples does each child get?
Answer
Each child gets 5 apples.
This is an introduction to division, where 15 ÷ 3 = 5.
Common mistakes
- ✗Not aligning digits correctly by place value when adding or subtracting using the column method.
- ✗Forgetting to carry over or borrow when performing addition or subtraction.
- ✗Misinterpreting word problems and choosing the wrong operation (e.g., adding instead of subtracting).
- ✗Not ensuring that items are shared *equally* in sharing problems.
- ✗Counting errors when counting forwards or backwards in steps.
Exam tips
- ★Read word problems carefully to understand what is being asked and which operation to use.
- ★Show all your working steps clearly, especially for addition and subtraction, so that marks can be awarded even if the final answer is incorrect.
- ★Use concrete apparatus (like counters or drawing pictures) if allowed, especially for sharing problems, to help visualise the solution.
- ★Always check your answer to see if it makes sense in the context of the problem.
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