Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division

Long multiplication is a method used to multiply multi-digit numbers. It breaks down the multiplication into smaller, manageable steps using place value. You multiply each digit of the bottom number by each digit of the top number, starting from the right. Remember to carry over tens and to add a zero as a placeholder when multiplying by the tens digit (or hundreds digit, and so on). Finally, you add all the partial products together to get the final answer.

Long division is a method for dividing large numbers into smaller groups or parts. It involves a series of steps: Divide, Multiply, Subtract, Bring Down. You start by dividing the first digit (or first few digits) of the dividend by the divisor. Write the quotient above. Multiply the quotient by the divisor and write the product below the part of the dividend you just divided. Subtract this product. Bring down the next digit of the dividend and repeat the process until there are no more digits to bring down. Any number left at the end is the remainder.

When a maths problem has more than one operation (like addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division), we need a special order to solve it to make sure everyone gets the same answer. This order is called BODMAS: B - Brackets first. Solve anything inside brackets ( ) before anything else. O - Orders (or 'Of'). This refers to powers or indices, but for primary school, it's often simplified or not included. D - Division. Do any division next. M - Multiplication. Do any multiplication next. (Note: Division and Multiplication have the same priority. You do them from left to right as they appear in the problem.) A - Addition. Do any addition next. S - Subtraction. Do any subtraction last. (Note: Addition and Subtraction have the same priority. You do them from left to right as they appear in the problem.)